Josephine Morgenroth, geotechnical engineer and PhD candidate at York University, is researching how to forecast underground seismic events with machine learning. Courtesy of Josephine Morgenroth

When most people think of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), they think of shiny things like self-driving cars, but the truth is, it has been around in some form for decades. It just was not practical for real-time applications, as computers were not strong enough to run the models in a timely manner.